Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, full of hope and new beginnings. However, if you are experiencing spotting, lower belly pain, or discomfort, it is easy to assume that it is a minor issue. For some women, these symptoms could indicate an ectopic pregnancy, a condition that requires immediate medical attention.
At Dr. Shivanjali Nayak’s clinic, we believe in raising awareness about such issues because early detection can protect your health, safety, and long-term well-being.
In this blog, we will explain the signs of an ectopic pregnancy, the potential risks involved and why it is important to get immediate medical care.
What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus most often in a fallopian tube. Since the uterus is the only place equipped to support a developing pregnancy, this condition cannot continue normally.
If an ectopic pregnancy is detected early, it can often be treated effectively with medication or surgery. Delaying treatment can cause the fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe internal bleeding and other life-threatening issues.
When does ectopic pregnancy become risky?
An ectopic pregnancy typically becomes risky between 6 to 16 weeks of gestation, though complications can begin as early as 6 weeks. As the fertilised egg grows in an area not meant to support it, such as the fallopian tube, it can lead to stretching, rupture, and internal bleeding. If not diagnosed and treated in time, it can become life-threatening.
What happens if an ectopic pregnancy is caught early?
If an ectopic pregnancy is detected early, before the fallopian tube ruptures, a medication can be used to safely stop the growth of the pregnancy tissue. This allows the body to absorb the tissue naturally, often avoiding the need for surgery and preserving the fallopian tubes.
How to confirm ectopic pregnancy?
An ectopic pregnancy is typically diagnosed using the following methods:
| Test | Purpose | Signs of ectopic pregnancy |
| Blood Tests (hCG Levels) | Measures the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy. | In a healthy pregnancy, hCG levels double approximately every 48 hours. In an ectopic pregnancy, the rise may be slower or inconsistent. |
| Transvaginal Ultrasound | It allows doctors to examine the reproductive organs closely | If the uterus appears empty despite positive pregnancy tests, it may indicate an ectopic pregnancy. The scan may also detect a mass or abnormal structure in the fallopian tube or surrounding areas. |
Pelvic Examination | A physical exam to check for tenderness, masses, or pain on one side. | Tenderness, masses, or pain on one side can support the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy. |
Signs of Ectopic Pregnancy at 4 weeks
At 4 weeks, an ectopic pregnancy can show the following signs:
Light vaginal bleeding
- It is common in early pregnancy but may indicate an ectopic pregnancy if the fertilised egg implants outside the uterus.
- Bleeding may be lighter or irregular.
- Could signal potential issues that require medical attention.
Mild cramping or pelvic pain
- Some cramping is normal in early pregnancy.
- Persistent or concentrated cramping on one side of the abdomen can be a warning sign.
- In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilised egg grows in an abnormal location, causing discomfort in the pelvic region.
Pain on one side of the abdomen
- A key sign of an ectopic pregnancy is pain or discomfort on one side of the lower abdomen.
- The fertilised egg implants in a fallopian tube or another abnormal area, putting pressure on surrounding tissues and causing localised pain.
Which is the strongest risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
The strongest risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy include infectious factors and tubal surgery.
Infectious factors
- Previous pelvic infections, such as those caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, can damage the fallopian tubes.
- This damage leads to scarring, which increases the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy.
Tubal surgery
- Past surgeries involving the fallopian tubes, such as tubal ligation or surgeries for previous ectopic pregnancies, can increase the risk.
- These surgeries can prevent the fertilised egg from travelling through the fallopian tube, leading to implantation outside the uterus.
As women reach the age range of 35 to 44, certain factors may increase the risk of complications such as ectopic pregnancies.
- Previous pelvic infections
- Past surgeries, particularly in the reproductive area
- History of fertility treatments
- Increased chances of scar tissue or adhesions in the reproductive organs
- Hormonal changes associated with ageing
- Reduced fallopian tube function or damage
How to decrease the risk of ectopic?
To reduce the risk of an ectopic pregnancy, it is important to adopt healthy lifestyle practices and take preventive measures.
Here are some key steps to help minimise the risk:
Avoid smoking: Smoking can damage the fallopian tubes and affect the reproductive system, increasing the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or underweight can disrupt hormone levels and fertility, so maintaining a healthy weight helps support overall reproductive health.
Prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Using protection during sexual activity and practising safe sex can help prevent STIs, which can lead to pelvic infections and scarring, increasing the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
How painful is ectopic pregnancy?
- The pain associated with an ectopic pregnancy can range from mild and dull discomfort to severe and sharp pain.
- As the fertilised egg grows, it causes pressure and irritation in the surrounding tissues, leading to discomfort.
- The pain is typically felt on one side of the lower abdomen, where the fertilised egg is growing in an abnormal location, such as the fallopian tube.
- If the fallopian tube ruptures, the pain can become intense, and may be accompanied by other symptoms like dizziness or fainting.
- Any unusual or severe pain during pregnancy should prompt immediate medical consultation.
Symptoms of normal pregnancy vs ectopic pregnancy
| Symptoms | Normal Pregnancy | Ectopic Pregnancy |
| Nausea | Common, especially in early pregnancy (morning sickness). | It can also occur, but may be accompanied by other warning signs. |
Breast Tenderness | A typical early pregnancy symptom is due to hormonal changes. | It can occur, as it resembles the symptoms of early pregnancy. |
Abdominal Pain | Mild cramping or discomfort is common. | Persistent, localised pain, often on one side of the abdomen. |
Vaginal Bleeding | Light spotting may occur, but it is typically not a cause for concern. | Light bleeding or spotting may differ from a regular menstrual period. |
Pain Intensity | Mild discomfort usually resolves on its own. | Sharp or severe pain, especially if the fallopian tube ruptures. |
Conclusion
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It may seem like a normal pregnancy at first, but warning signs such as abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding can appear. If left untreated, it can become life-threatening. Detecting the symptoms early and seeking medical help is essential.
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned or need expert care for an ectopic pregnancy, do not hesitate to contact Dr. Shivanjali Nayak, a leading high-risk pregnancy doctor in Kolkata.
Early diagnosis and proper treatment are key to safeguarding your health. Book your consultation today.